Archive for the Science Category

This Week In Freethought History Feb. 12th -18th

Posted in Politics, Religion, Science on February 18, 2012 by RJ Evans

(The following is a transcript of a  recorded broadcast by John Mill. John is a noted free thought advocate and broadcaster. “This Week In Freethought” airs on my American Heathen® internet radio show. Air date of this particular segment: 02/18/12)

Here’s your Week in Freethought History: This is more than just a calendar of events or mini-biographies – it’s an affirmation that we as freethinkers are neither unique nor alone in the world, no matter how isolated and alone we may feel at times.

Last Sunday, February 12, was the anniversary of two great lights in Freethought history – one in science, the other in politics, one in England, the other in America – both born on the same day in the same year!

Last Sunday, February 12, 203 years ago (1809), British naturalist Charles Darwin was born. His collection and analysis of specimens from nature across a wide area of the earth, during and after his voyage on the Beagle, led to his formulation of the theory of evolution by natural selection. The response in the scientific community was electric. But in the religious community, where accepting Darwin’s theories was tantamount to rejecting divine creation, the response ranged from dismissive to panic-stricken. Darwin’s own religious views evolved from a passable piety to deep skepticism. Three years before he died, Darwin wrote, “I think that generally (and more and more as I grow older), but not always, that an Agnostic would be the more correct description of my state of mind.”

Also last Sunday, 203 years ago (1809), the 16th US President Abraham Lincoln was born. Presiding over a divided nation in the midst of civil war, Lincoln guided the Union effort with a firm hand. Was his hand guided by God, as many fundamentalists today claim? Though he read the Bible and accompanied his wife to church, Lincoln never joined any church. Perhaps he was a secret Christian? Nobody who knew him well says Lincoln was a Christian in any sense of the word – and in Western civilization nobody has had to be a “secret Christian” since the Roman catacombs! When a delegation of ministers in Chicago, claiming God’s direction, demanded that he issue the Emancipation Proclamation with all haste, Lincoln replied, “[I]f it is, as you say, a message from your Divine Master, is it not odd that the only channel he could send it by was that round-about route by that awfully wicked city of Chicago?”

Last Monday, February 13, 377 years ago (1635), the first US public school was founded. The system of free public education under pagan Rome, says historian William Boyd, “With few exceptions [under Christianity] had disappeared by the sixth century.” What education there was in medieval Christian Europe was for the wealthy and well connected and consisted largely of preparation for church duties, with little science and secular literature. The monks, far from preserving them, destroyed many ancient classics. Most priests were too illiterate to read the Mass. Illiteracy in Europe was 95-99% until the 1800s; 90% in 1900; but it is in single digits in the secular West today.

Last Tuesday, February 14, marked the 63rd birthday of American magician and comedian Teller (1948). Teller is the non-speaking half of the Penn & Teller act, currently running on pay cable as “Penn & Teller’s Bullshit.” They are both outspoken and often funny atheists. Teller was asked if even the most hardened Atheists “search for some kind of personal answers for existence itself.” Teller remarked that “Atheists do look for answers to existence itself. They just don’t make them up.”

Last Wednesday, February 15, 192 years ago (1820), American feminist and social reformer Susan B. Anthony was born. It is a characteristic of the early days of social reform movements that the pioneers were almost entirely Freethinkers, Agnostics, Deists and even Atheists. So it was with Anthony, who said, “I have worked 40 years to make the [Woman Suffrage] platform broad enough for Atheists and Agnostics to stand upon.” Anthony mostly kept her Agnosticism to herself, but elsewhere she said, “What you should say to outsiders that a Christian has neither more nor less rights in our Association than an atheist. When our platform becomes too narrow for people of all creeds and of no creeds, I myself shall not stand upon it.”

Yesterday, Friday, February 17, 412 years ago, Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno was burned alive for heresy on the Field of Flowers in Rome (1600). Bruno was a brilliant scholar and had an astounding memory. Even the Catholic Encyclopedia admits, “His attitude of mind towards religious truth was that of a rationalist.” But there was no safe place for a Rationalist in any country of Renaissance Christendom. Denounced to the Inquisition, in 1592, Bruno was dragged to a dungeon in Rome. Then on 10 February 1600, certain that this one intransigent man could bring down the entire Christian edifice, the Inquisition allowed him a final week to recant or be executed. Bruno’s answer was the same. A monument to Giordano Bruno now looks out over the Campo de’ Fiori where he was burned.

Today, Saturday, February 18, 58 years ago (1954), the First Church of Scientology was established in Los Angeles, CA. There’s a reason why some of us call the Church of Scientology “Where the Bullies Are”: they are notorious for their aggressive defense – not just of their religion but of their copyrighted holy books. Imagine putting a lock on the book of Genesis and charging a fee to learn how your church thinks the world began! Oh, wait. I think they already do – they just call it an offering. Started by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard, Scientology grew into a multi-million-dollar business that had to litigate its way to tax exemption. The church is also responsible for the largest theft of US government documents in history and for an opposition to the science of psychiatry that has more than one preventable psychotic murder to its credit. Scientology is the medieval Inquisition, the Jesuits and the Mafia juiced up on science fiction, with thugs at its call and Internet-age mind control at its fingertips. Can you say “cult”?

We can look back, but the Golden Age of Freethought is now. You can find full versions of these pages in Freethought history at the links in the American Heathen blog, which take you to my blog, FreethoughtAlmanac.com.

This Week In Freethought History Feb. 5th – 11th

Posted in Politics, Religion, Science on February 11, 2012 by RJ Evans

(The following is a transcript of a recorded broadcast by John Mill. John is a noted free thought advocate and broadcaster. “This Week In Freethought” airs on my American Heathen® internet radio show. Air date of this particular segment: 02/11/12)

Here’s your Week in Freethought History: This is more than just a calendar of events or mini-biographies – it’s an affirmation that we as freethinkers are neither unique nor alone in the world, no matter how isolated and alone we may feel at times.

Last Sunday, February 5, 146 years ago (1866), Scottish scientist Arthur Keith was born. A prominent evolutionist in his time, Keith was one of many experts taken in by the Piltdown fossil hoax. But his defense of Darwinism and his research and publication on the subject of primate and human evolution, put him in the front rank of his peers. Keith once said, “This world of ours has been constructed like a superbly written novel: we pursue the tale with avidity, hoping to discover the plot.” Although this sounds like Keith admitted a divine plan, he was an Honorary Associate of the British Rationalist Press Association.

Also last Sunday, February 5, 172 years ago, (1840), English inventor Sir Hiram Maxim was born. While visiting the 1881 Paris Electrical Exhibition, so the story goes, a man told him, “If you want to make a lot of money, invent something that will enable these Europeans to cut each other’s throats with greater facility.” Maybe for that reason Maxim is best remembered for the Maxim gun, the first self-acting machine gun. Maxim was an aggressive Atheist, co-writing Li Hung Chang’s Scrap-book (1913). In this, Maxim and co-author Joseph McCabe remark that “The Chinese were generally puzzled as to how it was possible for people who are able to build locomotives and steamships to have a religion based on a belief in devils, ghosts, impossible miracles, and all the other absurdities and impossibilities peculiar to the religion taught by the missionaries.”

Last Monday, February 6, 448 years ago, (1564), British poet and playwright Christopher Marlowe was born. He was arguably the most talented playwright in England next to William Shakespeare (who was born in the same year), and, had he lived beyond age 29, he might have equaled or even surpassed the Bard. In Elizabethan England, skepticism could be punished severely, yet Marlowe, Walter Raleigh and others formed a private circle of Rationalists, which clerical critics called “Raleigh’s school of Atheism.” A week before his death, the Privy Council had ordered Marlowe’s arrest on charges of Atheism, blasphemy, subversion and homosexuality. It is posited by some scholars that Marlowe’s death was not a simple dispute over a bill that accelerated under the fuel of drink. Perhaps he was murdered for political reasons?

Last Tuesday, February 7, 200 years ago, (1812), the greatest novelist in the English language, Charles Dickens, was born. Dickens was an acclaimed author by the time he made his first American tour and he returned to invent the modern idea of Christmas with A Christmas Carol in 1843. All of Dickens’ novels are characterized by attacks on social evils, injustice, and hypocrisy – including religious hypocrisy. His chief modern biographer (Edgar Johnson), wrote, “…he had little respect for mystical religious dogma. He hated the Roman Catholic Church, ‘that curse upon the world,’ as the tool and coadjutor of oppression throughout Europe. … He had rejected the Church of England and detested the influence of its bishops in English politics.” It was Charles Dickens who said of religious bigotry, “There is something in the sonorous quavering of the harsh voices, in the lank and hollow faces of the men and the sour solemnity of the women, which bespeaks this a stronghold of intolerant zeal and ignorant enthusiasm.”

Also last Tuesday, 127 years ago, (1885), Nobel-winning American novelist Sinclair Lewis was born. It was his attack on Bible Belt fundamentalist religion, Elmer Gantry (1927 – film 1960), that won Lewis both praise and condemnation. Protestants distanced themselves from the novel by rationalizing it as only a criticism of religious charlatans. Catholics liked Elmer Gantry because it criticized the Protestant heresy. As a boy he was interested in all religions, but it was in college that Lewis lost most of the religion he had, writing as part of his credo, “No cant about Sabbath, & priesthoods & gods, & saints, & blasphemy … If there be saints – they are Voltaire – as well as Christ; Shelley as well as St. Paul.” He at last concluded, “The Christian religion is a crutch. Until it is taken away we can never begin to walk well.”

Last Wednesday, February 8, 193 years ago, (1819), English author and art critic John Ruskin was born. In addition to his passion for architecture and art, Ruskin had a passion for social justice and progress. Although never a Christian, Ruskin was influential in the development of Christian Socialism, which is a political movement that is both Christian and socialist. Ruskin coined the term “Modern Atheism,” meaning “the unfortunate persistence of the clergy in teaching children what they cannot understand, and in employing young consecrate persons to assert in pulpits what they do not know.” John Ruskin who told English writer and raconteur Augustus Hare (1834-1903) that “he believed nothing.”

Last Thursday, February 9, 119 years ago, (1893), the first public strip-tease took place in Paris, when Mona, an artist’s model who thought she had more than just the prettiest legs, jumped nude onto a table for the art students. She got a 100-franc fine from the police, but her student fans rioted in protest. The Moulin Rouge, which had opened just a few years before, picked up on the idea… and the strip-tease was born! The public unveiling of the female body has always had the power to set religious mouths gaping. Or gasping. It seems that church control of women’s sexuality is essential or there would be no church power – just think of all the hot-button modern issues: sex-education in schools, premarital sex, birth control, abortion, pornography, sexual behavior and sexual orientation in the media and movies, homosexuality, bisexuality, breast-feeding in public, same-sex marriage, traditional roles in marriage – even topless sunbathing and nude beaches. In strip-tease, control over women’s bodies and their sexuality is in the hands of the women, where it belongs. Who is being exploited: the dancer or the gullible client?

Yesterday, February 10, 114 years ago, (1898), German dramatist Berthold Brecht was born. Attracted to Socialism and to theater, Brecht combined the two and became a leading reformer on the 20th century stage. Brecht noted a corrupt alliance between religion and capitalism in his 1928 Berlin hit, The Threepenny Opera (Die Dreigroschenoper). In The Life of Galileo (Leben des Galilei, 1938-39), Brecht claimed he had not meant to insult the Church; indeed, Brecht took it easy on the church officials who persecuted the great scientist. Berthold Brecht wrote in his Diaries, “The church is a circus for the masses,” and believed organized religion had been standing in the way of human progress for centuries.

Today, February 11, 165 years ago, (1847), American inventor Thomas Alva Edison was born. Edison had only three months of formal education, but his mother and the public library were his school. By age ten Edison had read Thomas Paine’s Age of Reason, of which he wrote, “I can still remember the flash of enlightenment that shone from his pages.” As for education generally, Edison said, “I do not believe that any type of religion should ever be introduced into the public schools of the United States.” “All Bibles are man-made,” said Edison. To the magazine in which a cleric discounted his religious views as those of “a mere mechanic,” Edison said, “I have never seen the slightest scientific proof of the religious theories of heaven and hell, of future life for individuals, or of a personal God.” Asked “What does God mean to you?” Edison replied, “Not a damn thing.”

We can look back, but the Golden Age of Freethought is now. You can find full versions of these pages in Freethought history at the links in the American Heathen blog, which take you to my blog, FreethoughtAlmanac.com.

Standards For Evidence In Science And Religion

Posted in Religion, Science on February 11, 2012 by RJ Evans

(The following is a transcript of  co-host 2Buck Chuck’s (Dr. Charles A. Doswell III) segment “Leading Horses To Water” which airs on my American Heathen® radio show.  Chuck is a world-renowned scientist in the field of meteorology.  Air date of this particular segment – 02/11/12)

Ancient Greeks began the way of thinking originally known as natural philosophy but which we now call science. Science emerged as we know it during the Renaissance, in an age dominated by fear, superstition, injustice, and brutality. In other words, pretty much like the present. These musings are aimed at explaining how science works, and how science can serve even nonscientists in their efforts to make sense of the world. I can try to explain things but it’s up to you to decide whether or not you wish to drink from these waters.

I’ve been involved with a number of discussions with believers over the years, including acquaintances of mine who are scientists. As I’ve said repeatedly in other essays, I consider religious belief to be based on faith, not evidence. Two weeks ago, I made the point that any effort to put forth a rational argument on behalf of one’s religious beliefs implies that faith (beliefwithoutevidence) is not enough. Is your faith so weak you must try to rationalize your irrational belief? You’re free to believe whatever you want in America, but at least own up to the irrationality of your religious belief in a supernatural deity.

This brings up a question about what “evidence” might be marshaled on behalf of religious beliefs in a supernatural deity. It’s not possible to respond to every conceivable example, so in my limited time, I can comment on just two prominent ones:

#1. The complex structure of the universe couldn’t have occurred by random chance. There must have been a creator who designed it!  This is the essence of the argument for the so-called “intelligent design” alternative to evolution. It’s appeared in other contexts, as well, including arguments by believers who see their religious creation stories on an equal footing with the Big Bang hypothesis in which “something appears out of nothing.” There are many problems with this proposed “evidence”, but the basic premise – that a deity must be the only possible explanation – is profoundly antiscientific. It’s completely unwarranted to take this giant leap of faith on behalf of which no solid evidence exists that would pass a critical analysis. Given the laws of physics, the existence of matter and energy in the universe, and enough time, random chance can in fact produce exactly what we see. Science may not know all the answers to all the questions, but a “god of the gaps” in science is not a valid alternative. I’ll have more to say on solid evidence shortly.

#2. The universe is a beautiful place and that beauty must have been expressly created for our appreciation and to the glory of god!  The basic issue with any “beauty” argument is the entirely subjective nature of beauty. Everyone has their own personal ideas about what is beautiful and our notions of beauty versus ugliness are creations of our individual minds and cultures, superimposed on an objective reality that makes no such distinctions. Scientists see beauty in many things that non-scientists find repulsive or terrifying: slugs in the garden, natural selection, tornadoes, and so on. Our ideas of beauty can offer no rational evidence for anything except the emotional side of a human mind.

Many believers quote scripture as “evidence” of their beliefs, in a classical example of circular logic. There’s no logical reason to accept “sacred writings” in abrahamic religions as convincing evidence. The scriptures are liberally laced with factual errors, accounts of events for which no corroborating historical evidence can be found, contradictions, multiple different accounts of the same events, and so on. Since biblical authors were not actually eyewitnesses to the events they chronicle, they clearly provide at most only hearsay evidence. Supernatural events as described in scriptures are simply not being seen and documented today and the most likely reason for that is that those events described in scriptures are myths, not real events. As writings go, these can’t be advanced as convincing of anything except the fertile imaginations of late Bronze Age authors and their predecessors (from whom the biblical authors plagiarized). Religion is the ultimate argument by authority and so is at its core essentially inconsistent with a scientific worldview.  Believers have pretty loose standards for what they consider evidence!

On the other hand, science imposes a number of rigorous standards that proposed evidence must meet. Whatever ideas are put forth must have some basis in logic and/or mathematical reasoning – they can’t encompass contradictions, or violate other rules of logic. Science rejects the entire notion of “supernatural” explanations for anything, more or less by definition. Scientific ideas must have consequences that can be tested empirically – otherwise, they’re outside the realm of science and are considered mere speculation. When possible, having quantitative evaluation of the ideas based on some form of direct observation of those consequences is given great credibility in science. Experiments that provide evidence on behalf of some hypothesis must be reproducible in some way, and the data must be accessible for independent analysis. The more extraordinary the proposed idea, the more extraordinary the supporting evidence must be. No argument by authority is ever considered to be valid. There are no sacred texts, including scientific journals and textbooks. In fact, there’s nothing sacred in science –anything is open to question and experimental validation.  Scientific ideas have implications that can be applied in the real world every day, and they can be relied upon to work in practice, or they wouldn’t be embraced by the science.

Science admits that it doesn’t know everything and never will. Science admits it can’t explain everything although it now explains things that had no explanation before. Science admits its errors when they’re uncovered and fixes them. If you can embrace science as a valid and useful way of thinking, how can you justify an irrational faith in your life? Only by embracing contradictory world views.

Science is not a religion but rather a tool for those who wish to think for themselves about the natural world. Its primary characteristic is its willingness to entertain questions from those who wish to obtain believable answers.

This Week In Freethought History Jan. 29th – Feb. 4th

Posted in Politics, Religion, Science on February 4, 2012 by RJ Evans

(The following is a transcript of a recorded broadcast by John Mill. John is a noted free thought advocate and broadcaster. “This Week In Freethought” airs on my American Heathen® internet radio show. Air date of this particular segment: 02/04/12)

Here’s your Week in Freethought History: This is more than just a calendar of events or mini-biographies – it’s an affirmation that we as freethinkers are neither unique nor alone in the world, no matter how isolated and alone we may feel at times.

Last Sunday, January 29, 275 years ago (1737) American patriot and pamphleteer Thomas Paine was born into an English Quaker family. As a soldier in George Washington’s army, Paine penned Common Sense, which made him so popular that the title became his nickname. The first number of The Crisis, which begins, “These are the times that try men’s souls,” was so powerful, Washington had it read to his troops for motivation. Narrowly escaping the guillotine, after helping in the French Revolution, Paine returned to a nation that had forgotten all his service to American independence and instead reviled him for his honest criticisms in The Age of Reason. Paine was an early opponent of slavery and proponent of social security and general public education. He was a Deist, never an atheist. Paine’s writings influenced Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Edison, and generations of others.

Last Monday, January 30, 237 years ago (1775), English satirist and writer Walter Savage Landor was born. Landor supported the socialist ideals of George Holyoake (1817-1906) and was a firm fighter for freedom with his popular pen. In a series of letters to William Lamb (2nd Viscount, Lord Melbourne; 1779-1848), Landor wrote, “Divorce the Church and State: divorce them; and the one will neither be shrew nor strumpet; the other neither bulley [sic] nor cutpurse.”

Last Tuesday, January 31, 131 years ago (1881) American chemist Irving Langmuir was born in Brooklyn, NY. Langmuir is chiefly remembered for coining the physics term “plasma” to describe a fourth state of matter. He was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A true scientist, Langmuir was deeply skeptical of shortcuts to knowledge, formulating “Irving Langmuir’s Symptoms of Pathological Science” – a list of six characteristics common to pseudoscience. When asked about his inattention to religion, Langmuir responded, “Never believe anything that can’t be proved.”

Also last Tuesday, but 215 years ago (1881) Austrian composer Franz Schubert was born in Vienna. Probably Schubert’s most popular work is his “Unfinished” Symphony in B-Minor (No. 8, D.759). The Catholic Encyclopedia, always eager to claim religious inspiration for art, makes much of Schubert’s church music and waxes rhapsodic about the faith that must have inspired the composer. In truth, like Beethoven and Mozart, Schubert was a skeptic. Sir George Grove, in his standard Dictionary of Music and Musicians, says, “of formal or dogmatic religion we can find no trace,” in Schubert’s short life. Of creeds and churches Grove quotes Schubert saying, “Not a word of it is true.”

Last Wednesday, February 1, 110 years ago (1902) American poet Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri. “I grew up in a not very religious family,” Hughes noted, “but I had a foster aunt who saw that I went to church and Sunday school.” Consequently, the influences evident in his work include the Bible as much as W.E.B. Du Bois. As a leading light of the “Harlem Renaissance” in the 1920s, the author of “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” depicted the ordinary lives of black people with a realism that crossed racial and cultural boundaries. He believed in God, but did not accept Christianity. Langston Hughes criticized those who used their piety for personal gain, or as a shield behind which oppression could flourish.

Last Thursday, 107 years ago (1905) Objectivist philosopher and author Ayn Rand was born to Jewish parents in Russia. As a young girl, she witnessed the brutality of the Soviet regime in the Bolshevik Revolution. At age 21 she got permission to travel to the US and settled in Los Angeles to become a screenwriter. She published The Fountainhead in 1943, and her most memorable if unreadable work, Atlas Shrugged, in 1957. In a time when most capitalists identified “godless” with “Communist,” Rand “was identifying religion and communism as brothers under the skin.” “Religion,” Rand noted, “is the first enemy of the ability to think. … Faith is the worst curse of mankind, as the exact antithesis and enemy of thought.”

Last Friday, February 3, 69 years ago (1943) four chaplains aboard the US Army Transport Dorchester, sinking from a German U-Boat attack in the icy North Atlantic, helped other soldiers board lifeboats and gave up their own life jackets when the supply ran out, thereby sacrificing their lives to save the lives of sailors and soldiers abandoning a sinking ship. Yet, the story of the Four Chaplains, if it proves anything, proves that nothing fails like faith. That 674 US soldiers had to drown in icy water to give us this heart-warming story, proves not the love of God, but his malevolence.

Today, February 4, 170 years ago (1842) Danish critic and scholar Georg Brandes was born in Copenhagen into a Jewish family. Although born and educated in Denmark, he lived in many countries: Brandes changed address so often because of his outspoken agnosticism. Brandes once wrote, “It would be as impossible for me to attack Christianity as it would be impossible for me to attack werewolves.” And, perhaps anticipating the Arab Spring in the East, and Occupy Wall Street in the West, Georg Brandes noted, “It is useless to send armies against ideas.”

We can look back, but the Golden Age of Freethought is now. You can find full versions of these pages in Freethought history at the links in the American Heathen blog, which take you to my blog, FreethoughtAlmanac.com.

This Week In Freethought – Jan. 22nd – 28th

Posted in Politics, Religion, Science on January 28, 2012 by RJ Evans

(The following is a transcript of a LIVE broadcast by John Mill. John is a noted free thought advocate and broadcaster. “This Week In Freethought” airs on my American Heathen® internet radio show. Air date of this particular segment: 01/28/12)

Here’s your Week in Freethought History: This is more than just a calendar of events or mini-biographies – it’s an affirmation that we as freethinkers are neither unique nor alone in the world, no matter how isolated and alone we may feel at times.

Last Sunday, January 22, 451 years ago (1561), English science essayist Francis Bacon, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, was born in Elizabethan London. Bacon professed religious orthodoxy in public, and from the line clerics love to quote – “A little philosophy inclineth man’s mind to atheism, but depth in philosophy bringeth men’s minds about to religion.” (Essays, “Of Atheism”) – he would seem so. But in the very next essay, Bacon shows that atheism is socially superior to superstition: “Atheism leaves a man to sense, to philosophy, to natural piety, to laws, to reputation; … but superstition dismounts all these, and erecteth an absolute monarchy, in the minds of men. Therefore atheism did never perturb states; …” (Essays, “Of Superstition”)

It was also on January 22, but 224 years ago (1788), that English poet George Gordon, Lord Byron, was born. He became skeptical of religion during his student years at Trinity College, Cambridge, but moderated into a Deistic belief, remaining skeptical toward life after death. Byron was friends with Percy Bysshe Shelley, an Atheist. As Byron wrote in his 1819 epic poem, Don Juan

Christians have burnt each other, quite persuaded

That all the Apostles would have done as they did.

Last Monday, January 23, 229 years ago (1783), the French novelist known as Stendhal was born. His most famous works are The Red and the Black (1830), about political and social conditions in France, and The Charterhouse of Parma (1839). Having seen its influence in Paris, and as French consul in the Papal States, Stendhal was able to say, “All religions are founded on the fear of the many and the cleverness of the few.” Prosper Merimée quotes the novelist saying, “The only excuse for God is that there is no such person” (“Ce qui excuse Dieu c’est qu’il n’existe pas”).

Last Tuesday, January 24, 300 years ago (1712), Frederick the Great was born. As King of Prussia, Frederick created a stable legal code, established a superior school system, allowed a free press and religious toleration. He was a patron of art, literature and music. To his intimates, Frederick admitted his Atheism, but outwardly even a monarch could not profess such a thing. In a letter to his friend, Voltaire, Frederick wrote: “Theologians are all alike, of whatever religion or country they may be. Their aim is always to wield despotic authority over men’s consciences. They therefore persecute all of us who have the temerity to unveil the truth.”

Last Wednesday, January 25, 253 years ago (1759), the national poet of Scotland, Robert Burns, was born. He is remembered chiefly for “Auld Lang Syne.” Bobbie Burns was contemptuous of the narrow Calvinism of his day. A friend of Burns’s addressed him once as “Christless Bobbie.” In 1788 he wrote, “it becomes a man of sense to think for himself.” And in the “Epistle to Rev. John McMath” Burns denounces religious hypocrisy, claiming,

But twenty times I rather would be
An atheist clean,
Than under gospel colours hid be
Just for a screen

Last Thursday, January 26, 448 years ago (1564), Pope Pius IV created the Index of Prohibited Books. The Index Librorum Prohibitorum, as it is called in Latin, was finally suppressed in 1966 under Pope Paul VI. The result of the Index, at least until the Age of Enlightenment, was not only a stifling of debate about religion, but the suppression of literature generally: except for the writers the Church ruined, between 1564 and the appearance of Deist writers, Italian literature was a blank page.

Yesterday, Friday, January 27, 256 years ago (1756), Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born. For his 35 years of life, Mozart’s body of work was prodigious: some 40 symphonies, numerous concertos, much sacred choral music and the unfinished Requiem (K.626, 1791). Although Mozart composed memorable church music, even the Catholic Encyclopedia, while claiming him as one of the faithful, laments that these compositions “do not reflect the spirit of the universal Church, but rather the subjective conception and mood of the composer.” In fact, Mozart, like Beethoven, was a Catholic apostate. And you can listen in vain for any more religious inspiration in Mozart’s Requiem than can be found in his Little Night Music, Magic Flute or Jupiter Symphony.

Today, Saturday, January 28, 125 years ago (1887), American pianist Artur Rubinstein was born in Łódź, Poland. By age five he was already performing classical works at the piano. When he was 13, Rubinstein gave his first formal concert in Potsdam. Six years later, he made his Carnegie Hall debut. His biographer (Harvey Sachs) says, “Arthur was given virtually no religious education…. As an adult he referred with pride to his Jewish origins, but he called himself an agnostic.” His younger daughter, Dr. Alina Rubinstein, a psychiatrist, says he was reluctant to call himself an Atheist “because it was so hard to accommodate the idea that a musical ‘gift’ like his could have come ‘out of nowhere.’”

Also born this week—
On January 22: August Strindberg (1849)
On January 24: Emperor Hadrian (76 CE)
On January 25: Virginia Woolf (1882)
On January 25: W. Somerset Maugham (1874)
On January 28: Sarah MacLachlan (1968)

We can look back, but the Golden Age of Freethought is now. You can find full versions of these pages in Freethought history at the links in the American Heathen blog, which take you to my blog, FreethoughtAlmanac.com.

Arguments With Religious & Political Believers

Posted in Politics, Religion, Science on January 28, 2012 by RJ Evans

(The following is a transcript of  co-host 2Buck Chuck’s (Dr. Charles A. Doswell III) segment “Leading Horses To Water” which airs on my American Heathen® radio show.  Chuck is a world-renowned scientist in the field of meteorology.  Air date of this particular segment – 01/28/12)

Ancient Greeks began the way of thinking originally known as natural philosophy but which we now call science. Science emerged as we know it during the Renaissance, in an age dominated by fear, superstition, injustice, and brutality. In other words, pretty much like the present. These musings are aimed at explaining how science works, and how science can serve even nonscientists in their efforts to make sense of the world. I can try to explain things but it’s up to you to decide whether or not you wish to drink from these waters.

Arguments about religion and politics are notoriously pointless and very different from scientific arguments. Religious and political arguments arise because many people have strongly-held opinions, and often are motivated to defend their views vigorously. Based on my experience, I’ve learned that I enjoy these arguments up to a point, but beyond that point I rapidly lose interest.

I particularly enjoy arguing with my colleagues about scientific topics precisely because it’s a way of testing my understanding. A clash of ideas with another scientist often leads to new insights for me, and this can be very satisfying, even when the notions with which I entered the discussion prove to be wrong.

When it comes to politics and religion, however, the arguments have some annoying tendencies. Perhaps first and foremost is that, unlike arguments between scientific colleagues, both sides of the debate are unlikely ever to be persuaded by the arguments of their opponent. Since religious beliefs are an article of faith – using “faith” to mean belief without evidence – the position of a religious believer is unshakeable because it’s essentially irrational. No rational argument based on evidence (or its absence) can be convincing if your beliefs are rooted in faith.

I have no problem with believers believing whatever they want, insofar as it doesn’t harm others. It’s a Constitutional right all Americans have. I find it mostly annoying (but also mildly amusing) when they try to rationalize their faith, however. If you have such faith, you’ve explicitly denied the relevance of evidence and reason in any debate about your faith. How can a rational argument be used to defend an irrational faith? Any attempts to put religion on any sort of rational footing is an implicit admission that faith simply isn’t enough. But of course believers never want to admit this.

Some of believers assert that a position in favor of rational, evidence-based arguments is a kind of faith, as well. Nothing could be further from the truth, of course. My belief in logic and evidence is based not on faith, but rather solidly on my personal experience (that is, evidence), which has shown me ways of understanding that actually work in the real world. Logic and evidence have given us a deep understanding of the universe that has enabled us to go far beyond the late Bronze Age myths contained within the sacred documents upon which abrahamic religions are based. Rational thinking is demonstrably effective, whereas religious mythology is at best a comfort in troubled times, but at worst a dangerous delusion.

In science, the correct path is to modify hypotheses to improve the match to any evidence. It’s profoundly unscientific to try to fit any evidence to the hypothesis. Believers either consciously or unconsciously cherry-pick and distort the evidence to match their belief system. By far the majority of believers are simply unable to remove the blinders they’ve chosen to wear; to admit that their beliefs aren’t rational. Hence, most attempts to show believers the logical problems with their faith are doomed to pointlessness. It’s like arguing with an air conditioner vent, standing in a relentless blast of hot air.

Politics is quite comparable to religion in many ways. Many political party members are like religious believers – and there’s a disturbing trend for politics and religion to merge these days. What frightens me is when a particular partisan affiliation is so strongly engrained in political “believers” that they actually hope that rival politicians elected to office fail in their leadership of the country. It’s irrational to hope that our national leaders fail at their jobs. But many Americans now get their predigested, scripted talking points from political pseudo-pundits – spokespersons for the religious right often masquerading as journalists. They don’t want to think beyond stereotypes and what amounts to political dogma. Our politicians traffic in fear and ignorance, hoping to gain and keep political power, apparently to impose their beliefs on the whole nation.

If a US President were to declare that plates of spaghetti are a danger to national security, requiring an immediate ban on pasta, I think impeachment proceedings would begin right away. It clearly would be unacceptable for our nation to be led by someone inflicted with paranoid delusions. Yet we find ourselves in a position where many people in the USA see it as mandatory that every political officeholder embrace an inherently irrational religious belief – no openly atheist candidate could be elected President at this time. Does anyone besides me see the contradiction and danger in this? We need freethinking rationality more than ever, but we live in a time when most Americans embrace irrational myths!

Science is not a religion but rather a tool for those who wish to think for themselves about the natural world. Its primary characteristic is its willingness to entertain questions from those who wish to obtain believable answers.

Gawd a MONSTROSITY

Posted in Politics, Religion, Science on January 28, 2012 by hewhay

(The following commentary is part of a weekly series called “Yahweh Speaks” by Yahweh.  Yahweh is an assumed name to protect his identity on-line.  He is a noted  free thought advocate and Constitutional attorney.  His series airs on my American Heathen® internet radio show. Airdate 01/28/12)

Some people , although probably not this audience, may be incapable or unwilling to understand  the following because they are trapped in a religious dogma of  ”gawddidit”.  First, let’s consider why flu vaccines MUST be changed each year: the flu virus adapts, mutates, changes, EVOLVES from year to year and becomes immune or resistant to the previous year’s vaccine.Second, let’s consider that scientists  studying the human genome have discovered that certain genes are responsible for certain traits, conditions, and  maladies  in the human population.

“Physical traits are observable characteristics determined by specific segments of DNA called genes. Multiple genes are grouped together to form chromosomes, which reside in the nucleus of the cell. Every cell (except eggs and sperm) in an individual’s body contains two copies of each gene. This is due to the fact that both mother and father contribute a copy at the time of conception. This original genetic material is copied each time a cell divides so that all cells contain the same DNA. Genes store the information needed for the cell to assemble proteins, which eventually yield specific physical traits.

Most genes have two or more variations, called alleles. For example, the gene for hairline shape has two alleles – widow’s peak or straight. An individual may inherit two identical or two different alleles from their parents. When two different alleles are present they interact in specific ways. For the traits included in this activity, the alleles interact in what is called a dominant or a recessive manner. The traits due to dominant alleles are always observed, even when a recessive allele is present. Traits due to recessive alleles are only observed when two recessive alleles are present. For example, the allele for widow’s peak is dominant and the allele for straight hairline is recessive.”

Other traits with genetic components include hair color, cleft-chin, left, right or bi-handedness, allergies. About 4,000 diseases and disorders have been identified  as having genetic causes, including Huntington’s , MS, some cancers, and perhaps, Alzheimers.Scientist have discovered that some genes do NOT appear to actually cause “anything”.  It was thought for a short while that these genes were mere surplusage, until further scientific testing determined that some genes are “switch ” genes. They don’t themselves cause someone to be left-handed or to develop a disease or disorder, but , rather, when they are activated by hormones , specific proteins, or other chemicals they “switch on”  other genes that then cause the characteristic, mutation, condition or disorder. In  other words, if the “switch” gene is NOT exposed to certain proteins, or hormones,or chemicals —no switch is thrown,  and there will be no action by that or those specific genes which need their switch  or switches to be tripped.

Medical researchers in the cancer field have struggled with the fact that cancer cells become immune or resistant to  chemo-therapy. Just recently they have identified one protein that turns on a “gene switch”, that then permits another gene in the cell to develop immunity/resistance. They are now trying to  develop therapies that prevent the protein from affecting the gene.Now, I suppose  the Judeo-xtian-muslim gawd, or some other earthling’s gawd, could  consciously, purposely —on a nano-second by nano-second basis — be directing the  flu virus to mutate in response to the vaccine, and could— on a nano-second by nano-second basis— be creating the protein to counter the chemo-, and could—on a nano-second by nano-second basis— be consciously and  constantly directing the  Human  characteristics, mutations and disorders.But, on the other hand, it could just be EVOLUTION at work..  And given enough time, let’s say 10,000 or a 100,000+ more generations, with humans exposed to hormones, proteins, chemo,  genetically modified products, chemicals,CO2, solar radiation with decrease in ozone levels, and MYRIAD other ENVIRONMENTAL factors, Homo sapiens could mutate, change, adapt, EVOLVE so as to form a new branch  on the Homo limb, not unlike when Homo sapiens , themselves, branched off  from the Homidae and primate limbs so many eons ago.

Or,   Earthlings’ imagined gawd  could just like to and continue  to throw “switches” ad infinitum.

Of course, a gawd, a creator , an intelligent designer could have designed all creatures with an ability to adapt, to mutate, to EVOLVE with changing protein and environmental factors, so that such creator was not required to act on a nano-second by nano-second basis.

But, if that creator, if that designer  created creatures who survived and thrived by slaughtering and consuming other creatures like bacteria do to a host body, like cancer does to a host body, like maggots do, like the lion does to the gazelle, like the Nile Croc does to water buffalo, and like Homo sapiens do to ALL other creatures —and eachother— then why call that creator gawd, when,in fact, that creator would best be  described as a cruel, sadistic, bloodthirsty monstrosity?

“But it does me no injury for my neighbor to say there are twenty gods or no god.It neither picks my pocket nor breaks my leg.”

American Heathen® Internet Radio Show Returns For A New Season!

Posted in Politics, Religion, Science on January 9, 2012 by RJ Evans

Tune into a new season of American Heathen® LIVE on ShockNeRadio.com (simulcast on FreethoughtRadio.com) beginning Saturday, January 28th, 8ET, 7CT.  You can also tune into the show through iTunes Radio.  Just search for ShockNet Radio under the Classic Rock genre.  Join host RJ Evans and co-hosts, David2, Dr. Charles A. Doswell III (2Buck Chuck), John Mill, along with new co-hosts Reap Paden of “Reap Sow Radio”, Al Stefanelli and Amie Quinn for a special 4 hour season premier!  Internet talk radio has never been better!

  New Co-Host, Amie Quinn

New Co-Host, Al Stefanelli

 

 

 

New Co-Host, Reap Paden

Brain Damage & Religion

Posted in Politics, Religion, Science on January 3, 2012 by RJ Evans

Thanks to co-host Amie Quinn for sending me the link!

Christopher Hitchens: Dead at 62

Posted in Politics, Religion, Science on December 16, 2011 by RJ Evans

Lost but never forgotten.

Christopher Hitchens – 1949 – 2011

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